SYMPTOMS OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION:-
- Intense pain
- Redness of the eye
- Headache
- Tender eye area
- Seeing halos or rainbow- like rings around lights
- Loss of vision.
SIGNS OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION:-
- High IOP
- Cup disc ratio
✅ OCULAR HYPOTENSIVE DRUG CLASSIFICATION:-
A. Prostaglandins analogous:-
- Latanoprost
- Teavoprost
- Bimatoprost
B. Beta- adrenergic antagonist (b-blockers) :-
- Timolol
- Levobunolol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol
C. Adrenergic agonist:-
- Brimonidine
D. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:-
- Acetazolamide
- Methazolamide
- Dorzolamide
- Brinzolamide
E. Cholinergic agonist (miotics):-
- Pilocarpine
A. PROSTAGLANDINS ANALOGOUS
- LATANOPROST
To reduced the intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor.
USE:- Use in POAG
SIDE EFFECTS:-
- Blurred vision
- Ocular pain
- Dry eyes
- Burning sensation
- Photophobia
- Hyperlactimation.
B. B-BLOCKERS
- Timolol:- Timolol is a beta adrenergic blocking agents. NON-SELECTIVE , antagonize beta-1 & beta-2
- It is mainly blocks the action of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system.
MECHANISM:- timolol causes a reduction of the pressure within the eye (IOP). This effects is may result from a reduction in production of the liquid (aqueous humor) within the eye.
CONTRAINDICATION:-
- Hypersensitive to drug or class
- Asthma/ bronchial problems
- Bradycardia
- Severe heart block
- Severe COPD
ADVERSE EFFECTS:-
- Bradycardia
- Heart block
- Bronchospasm
DOSE:- 2 TIME / DAY - EACH 12 HOURS INTERVEL
C. ADRENERGIC AGONIST:-
Epinephrine used as to reduced IOP. (NON-SELECTIVE adrenergic agonist)
- Apraclonidine
- Brimonidine
Lowers the IOP by decreasing aqueous production.
D. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR:- It reversibly blocks the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body & thus suppress aqueous humor production.
CONTRAINDICATION:-
- Hypersensitivity to drug
- Pregnancy
- Severe obstructive pulmonary disease
SIDE EFFECTS:-
- Transist myopia
- Dermatitis
- Hypokalemia
- Fatigue
- Weight loss.
E. PARASYMPATHETIC:- Pilocarpine (1-4%) eye drop x 3-4 times daily
✅ Pilocarpine contract the ciliary muscle causing opening of the trabecular meshworks spaces to facilitate outflow of aqueous humor.
🔶Uses in PAAG
⭕ CONTRAINDICATION:-
- Presence of cataract
- Patient younger than 40 years of age.
- Asthma or history of asthma
F. HYPEROSMOTIC AGENTS:- These agents act by enhancing the osmotic pressure of plasma with respect to intraocular structure there by setting an osmotic gradient.
Consequently the fluid moves from the eye to HYPEROSMOTIC plasma of ocular blood vessels, there by reducing the vitreous volume which is responsible for lowering of IOP:
1. Oral glycerin & isosorbide orally
2. Manitol & urea intravenously
USE:- Acute angle closure glaucoma or preoperative control of raised IOP.
SIDE EFFECTS:-
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diuretic
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Chills &'fever
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THANK YOU
RAIN HEALTH CARE
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