CATARACT

                                                         CATARACT

WHAT IS CATARACT?
=> OPACIFICATION OF THE LENS OF THE EYE. CLOUDING OF THE LENS OF THE EYE, WHICH DECREASE VISION.
* CATARACT MEANS WATERFALL.
ANY OPACITY OF THE LENS OR ITS CAPSULE CAUSING VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IS CALLED CATARACT.

TYPES OF CATARACT:-

THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF CATARACT ACCORDING TO THERE DEVELOPMENT & POSITION.
1.  CONGENITAL CATARACT:-

                    which are present at birth or form during a baby’s first year.
2. SECONDARY CATARACT:-

                 caused by systemic disease, ex- diabetes mellitus, 

3. TOXIC CATARACT:-

                  due to the long term use of drugs.Ex- corticosteroids, chlorpromazine, busulfan, amiodarone.
4. COMPLICATED CATARACT:-
                    due to some other ocular disease. Ex- Anterior uveitis, High myopia, retinal detachment, retinitis, glaukomflecken.

5. TRAUMATIC CATARACT:-

                  develop after an injury to the eye, but it can take several years for this to happen.
6. SENILE CATARACT:-

                   The aging lens tends to become opaque after the age of 50 years and by the age of 70 years over 90% of the population shows some evidence of cataract.
 senile cataract has 3 parts according to :
           a. Nuclear cataracts form in the middle of the lens and cause the nucleus, or the center, to become yellow or brown.
           b. Cortical cataracts are wedge-shaped and form around the edges of the nucleus.
           c. Posterior capsular cataracts form faster than the other two types and affect the back of the lens.

SYMPTOMS:-

• CLOUDED OR BLURRED VISION
• INCREASE VISION DIFFICULTY IN NIGHT VISION
• PHOTOPHOBIA
• INCREASE DIFFICULTY IN LIGHT AND GLARE
• FREQUENT CHANGE OF EYEGLASS PRESCRIPTIONS
• CHANGE YOUR COLOUR VALUES
• DECREASE VISUAL ACUITY
• HALOS  PRESENT
• DOUBLE VISION PRESENT ON AFFECTED EYE.

SIGN:-

• VISUAL ACUITY DECREASE
• COLOR OF THE LENS CHANGE
• IRIS SHADOW PRESENT
• SLIT-LAMP GRADING PRESENT.

RISK FACTORS FOR CATARACT:-

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CATARACTS INCLUDE:

• OLDER AGE
• SMOKING
• ALCOHOL USE
• OBESITY
• HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• PREVIOUS INJURY
• FAMILY HISTORY OF CATARACT
• SUN EXPOSURE
• DIABETES

DIAGNOSIS OF CATARACT BY EXAMINATION OF THE EYE BY SLIT-LAMP & OTHER EXAMINATION.

** TREATMENT OF THE CATARACT ---SURGERY- IOL IMPLANTATION{PHACOEMULSIFICATION}

PREVENTION OF CATARACT:-

       FOR DECREASING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATARACT WE TAKE SOME STEPS :

• PROTECT YOUR EYES FROM UV RAYS
• WEARING SUNGLASS
• QUIT SMOKING
• REGULAR EYE EXAMINATION
• EAT ANTIOXIDANTS FOODS
•  MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT
• CONTROL OTHER SYSTEMIC DISEASE LIKE- BLOOD PRESSURE, DIABETES
• LESS USE OF DRUGS.

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